Pdf Verified: Module 3 Process Piping Hydraulics Sizing And Pressure Rating

To prevent operational issues such as erosion, corrosion, noise, water hammer, and static electricity buildup, industry standards dictate specific velocity limits. Fluid Service Typical Recommended Velocity Range (m/s) Typical Recommended Velocity Range (ft/s) 0.5 – 1.5 1.5 – 5.0 Water (Pump Discharge) 1.5 – 3.0 5.0 – 10.0 Steam (Saturated) 30.0 – 40.0 100.0 – 130.0 Steam (Superheated) 40.0 – 60.0 130.0 – 200.0 Gases (Low Pressure) 15.0 – 30.0 50.0 – 100.0 Hydrocarbons (Liquid) 1.0 – 2.5 3.0 – 8.0 Allowable Pressure Drop Rules of Thumb

Two-phase flow and slurry hydraulics (overview)

[ t = \fracP \cdot D2(SEW + PY) ]

P = 11.4 bar

hf=f⋅LD⋅v22gh sub f equals f center dot the fraction with numerator cap L and denominator cap D end-fraction center dot the fraction with numerator v squared and denominator 2 g end-fraction To convert head loss to pressure drop ( To prevent operational issues such as erosion, corrosion,

D=4Qπvcap D equals the square root of the fraction with numerator 4 cap Q and denominator pi v end-fraction end-root Recommended Velocity Guidelines

Rearranging this formula allows engineers to calculate the required internal diameter based on target velocity targets. 3. Pressure Drop and Friction Loss Calculations Pressure Drop and Friction Loss Calculations Module 3

Module 3 generally focuses on the relationship between fluid flow, pipe geometry, and pressure integrity. The objective is to ensure that process fluids are transported efficiently (hydraulics) within a conduit that can withstand the internal forces (pressure rating) and is economically sized (sizing).

Maintaining fluid velocity within standard industrial limits prevents operational issues like erosion, water hammer, noise, and excessive pressure drop. Fluid Type Recommended Velocity Range (m/s) Recommended Velocity Range (ft/s) 0.5 – 1.5 1.5 – 5.0 Pump Discharge (Liquid) 1.5 – 3.0 5.0 – 10.0 Gases / Steam (Low Pressure) 15.0 – 30.0 50.0 – 100.0 Gases / Steam (High Pressure) 30.0 – 60.0 100.0 – 200.0 Step 2: Calculate Continuity Equation and excessive pressure drop.